
The history of the artist doll
The history of the artist doll is not that long. In fact, it is less than 120 years old. The term ‘artist in dolls’, was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century and does not refer to the toy doll. Its use was just not a simple image of a toy, but a mode of expression.
It was in Germany, the bastion of the industrialization of toy doll making, that the artist’s doll came to life towards the end of the 19th century and early 20th century. The reasons for this phenomenon happening while several exhibitions and universal competitions made their arrivals in Europe and the United States. In 1908, *the Tietz Department store, from Munich, offers the idea of launching a Department reserved only to the artist’s doll. The objective of this store was to increase the demands for art dolls and new ideas. To pique the potential interest of buyers from the industry, the store asked several artists to make their own dolls. These dolls were exposed as a showcase for the establishment.Β The only criteria was to produce a doll with a childish appearance. Several artists, such as Marion Kaulitz reported success and several dolls caused a new sensation.
However, it will take the exposure of the Tietz second store and, this time, in the city of Berlin. During the event, an artist stood out and made the happiness of the critics and buyers, this artist was known as KΓ€the Kruse. Her design idea was closer to a child’s toy doll. There were many artists at that time making dolls for children with valued clothing and unfortunately became simple decorative elements.Β So, for these reasons, these dolls were not intended for children and lost in value. As a result, several doll artists were not able to provide for their own needs and work and their creations were quickly forgotten.
Other than KΓ€the Kruse, Marion Kaulitz and Lotte Pritzel were also famous. With the success of the artist dolls, a new hobby was born, a doll gathering. This new hobby, mainly reserved for middle-class women, encourages the public to make their own doll. This hobby was their past time and brought them a certain income. According to the press of the time, their dolls were called βamateurβ. Many saw it as a threat to the doll industry, an industry that was strictly reserved for men, mainly sculptors. *
To be continued soon…
Photo #1 Berta by Mary Ellen Frank
Photo #2 The Courtesan by Dan Fletcher
Photo #3 Turtle Shaman by Micheal Langton
*All pictures are from The Doll by Contemporary Artists by Krystyna Poray Goddu & Wendy Lavitt
*Credits & more details on Hildegard Gunzel book
LβHistoire de la poupΓ©e dβartiste
Lβhistoire de la poupΓ©e dβartiste ne date pas de si loin. En fait, elle a moins de 120 ans. Le terme « artisteΒ en poupΓ©es Β», a Γ©tΓ© introduit au dΓ©but du 20e siΓ¨cle qui ne fait aucunement allusion Γ la poupΓ©e jouet. Son utilisation nβΓ©tait quβune simple image de jouet, mais un mode dβexpression.
Cβest en Allemagne, bastion de lβindustrialisation de la poupΓ©e jouet, que la poupΓ©e dβartiste voit le jour vers la fin du 19e siΓ¨cle et au dΓ©but du 20e siΓ¨cle. Les raisons de ce phΓ©nomΓ¨ne arrivent alors que plusieurs expositions et concours universels font leurs arrivΓ©es en Europe et aux Γtats-Unis. *En 1908, le grand magasin Tietz, de la ville de Munich, propose lβidΓ©e de lancer un dΓ©partement rΓ©servΓ© uniquement Γ la poupΓ©e dβartiste. Lβobjectif de ce grand magasin est dβaugmenter la demande pour les poupΓ©es dβart et aux nouvelles idΓ©es. Pour piquer lβintΓ©rΓͺt des acheteurs potentiels de lβindustrie, le magasin demande Γ plusieurs artistes de rΓ©aliser leurs propres poupΓ©es. Ces poupΓ©es Γ©taient exposΓ©es Γ titre de vitrine pour lβΓ©tablissement.Β Le seul rΓ¨glement Γ©tait de produire une poupΓ©e aux allures enfantines. Plusieurs artistes, dont Marion Kaulitz, rapporte un franc succΓ¨s et plusieurs poupΓ©es causΓ¨rent une vraie sensation nouvelle.
Toutefois, *il faudra attendre lβexposition du second magasin Tietz, cette fois-ci dans la ville de Berlin. Lors de lβΓ©vΓ©nement, une artiste se dΓ©marque et fait le bonheur de la critique et des acheteurs, cette artiste se nomme Kathe Kruse. Son idΓ©e de conception fut plus prΓ¨s de la poupΓ©e jouet pour enfant. Nombreux sont les artistes de lβΓ©poque fabriquant des poupΓ©es pour enfants aux vΓͺtements prΓ©cieux et qui malheureusement ne devenaient que de simples Γ©lΓ©ments dΓ©coratifs.Β Donc, pour ces raisons, ces poupΓ©es nβΓ©taient pas destinΓ©es aux enfants et perdaient en valeur. Pour consΓ©quence, plusieurs artistes en poupΓ©e nβont pu subvenir Γ leurs besoins et le travail et ainsi que leurs crΓ©ations furent aussi vite oubliΓ©es.
Autre que KathΓ« Kruse, Marion Kaulitz et Lotte Pritzel furent tout aussi cΓ©lΓ¨bre. Avec le succΓ¨s des poupΓ©es dβartiste un nouveau passe-temps voit le jour, celui de la poupΓ©e de sociΓ©tΓ©. Ce nouveau passe-temps, principalement rΓ©servΓ© aux femmes de classe moyenne, encourage la population de fabriquer leur propre poupΓ©e. Ce passe-temps occupait leurs temps libres et leur apportait un certain revenu. Selon la presse de lβΓ©poque, leurs poupΓ©es Γ©taient qualifiΓ©es dβamateur. Plusieurs y voyaient une menace envers lβindustrie de la poupΓ©e, une industrie strictement rΓ©servΓ©e aux hommes, principalement sculpteurs.*
La suite bientΓ΄t…

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